![]() We can also write this using a dash to represent the shared electron pair: Note that each F atom has a complete octet around it now: These two atoms can do the same thing that the H atoms did they share their unpaired electrons to make a covalent bond. F atoms have seven electrons in their valence shell: (This explains why hydrogen is one of the diatomic elements.) For simplicity’s sake, it is not unusual to represent the covalent bond with a dash, instead of with two dots:īecause two atoms are sharing one pair of electrons, this covalent bond is called a single bond. We can use circles to show that each H atom has two electrons around the nucleus, completely filling each atom’s valence shell:īecause each H atom has a filled valence shell, this bond is stable, and we have made a diatomic hydrogen molecule. The Lewis diagram of two hydrogen atoms sharing electrons looks like this: For example, the Lewis diagrams of two separate hydrogen atoms are as follows: When electrons are shared between two atoms, they make a bond called a covalent bond.Ĭhemists frequently use Lewis diagrams to represent covalent bonding in molecular substances. How? There is another mechanism for obtaining a complete valence shell: sharing electrons. Yet they still participate in compound formation. ![]() However, some atoms won’t give up or gain electrons easily. Ionic bonding typically occurs when it is easy for one atom to lose one or more electrons and another atom to gain one or more electrons. Illustrate covalent bond formation with Lewis electron dot diagrams.
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